In California's Napa Valley, the nation's unofficial wine capital, one varietal reigns supreme: cabernet sauvignon. But climate change is threatening the small blue-black grapes for which cabernet sauvignon is named. Increasingly severe heat waves are taking a toll on the grape variety, especially in late summer during ripening.

To kick off NPR's Climate Solutions Week, climate correspondent Lauren Sommer joins host Regina G. Barber for a deep dive into the innovations wineries are actualizing — and the ways that cabernet farmers and fans alike could learn to adapt.

According to the study, temperatures in the region have risen by about 2 degrees Fahrenheit over the past 50 years. Although this may not seem significant, the effects of this change are far-reaching. Droughts are becoming more frequent and severe, while heat waves are intensifying and lasting longer. This is where the biggest threat to cabernet sauvignon comes in.

When temperatures rise above 95 degrees Fahrenheit, the delicate grape skins begin to suffer. Sunburn damage can occur when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit. During this critical ripening period, even a few days of heat can cause significant damage to the crop. As the climate continues to warm, it is becoming increasingly difficult for grape growers to maintain the high-quality crops needed for premium cabernet sauvignon.

Some of the most renowned wineries in the region are turning to innovative solutions to combat these challenges. These include the use of advanced weather forecasting systems to predict heat waves and deploying specialized shading systems to protect the delicate grape skins from intense sunlight.

When it comes to long-term adaptation, various strategies are being explored. Some winemakers are experimenting with alternative varieties of grape that may be more resistant to warmer temperatures. Others are shifting their planting schedules to harvest earlier in the year when temperatures are typically cooler. Another strategy is to increase the elevation of vineyards by planting further up the mountain. Since temperatures decrease by roughly 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit for each 1,000 feet of altitude, this can be an effective way to escape the heat.

For cabernet sauvignon farmers and fans, there is still hope in the face of climate change. From urgent innovations to long-term adaptations, these solutions will enable America's beloved wine to continue thriving. However, this transformation requires collaborative efforts and ongoing commitment to research and development.

Climate change is affecting our food, and our food is affecting the climate. NPR is dedicating a week to stories and conversations about the search for solutions. If you'd like to know more, email us at [email protected].